Scientists have estimated that prior to the arrival of Europeans more than a million salmon and steelhead returned to spawn inOregon’s rivers and streams in the Upper Willamette basin. Over the course of the last two centuries, the combined effects of fish harvest, hatchery fish inter actions, flood control and hydropower operations, and habitat alteration shave led to drastic declines in these populations. The pattern of declining abundance and range reductions provided scientific evidence that support edlisting Upper Willamette River (UWR) spring Chinook and winter steelhead under the federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) and on the State of Oregon threatened or endangered species list.
This Upper Willamette River Conservation and Recovery Plan for Chinook Salmon and Steelhead (Plan) serves as a federal recovery plan for fish populations within the ESA-listed Upper Willamette RiverChinook salmon evolutionarily significant unit (ESU) and the steelhead distinct population segment (DPS), where ESUs and DPSs are comprised of groups of populations with geographic and evolutionary similarities and are considered“species” under the ESA.
The Plan also serves as a State of Oregon conservation plan for the same populations within Species Management Units (SMUs) for State of Oregon risk assessment and conservation status of native fish species, which is guided by Oregon’s Native Fish Conservation Policy (NFCP). The Plan is designed to guide implementation of actions needed to conserve and recover these species by providing an informed, strategic, and voluntary approach to recovery that is based on the best available science, supported by stakeholders, and built on existing efforts and new proposed actions.
August 5, 2011
Salmon, Chinook (Upper Willamette River ESU), Steelhead (Upper Willamette River DPS)
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NOAALibrary file(s)
Content below was not copied from the original recovery plan document (2011); it has been created since the time of publication. Last edited February 4, 2019.0pm
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Content below was copied from the original recovery plan document (2011) and has not been edited.
The Plan has two recovery goals for UWR salmon and steelhead. These are: 1) achieve delisting from the federal ESA threatened and endangered species list, and 2) achieve ‘broad sense recovery’,defined by Oregon as having populations of naturally produced salmon and steelhead that maintain self-sustaining SMUs while providing for significant ecological, cultural, and economic benefits.
The Plan has two recovery goals for UWR salmon and steelhead. These are: 1) achieve delisting from the federal ESA threatened and endangered species list, and 2) achieve ‘broad sense recovery’,defined by Oregon as having populations of naturally produced salmon and steelhead that maintain self-sustaining SMUs while providing for significant ecological, cultural, and economic benefits.
Recovery of ESA-listed salmon and steelhead will require actions that conserve and restore the key biological, ecological, and landscape processes that support the ecosystems upon which salmonid species depend. These measures will require implementation of specific habitat protection and restoration actions and complementary management of harvest, hatchery, and hydropower programs. The development of an effective implementation framework coupled with a responsive RME and adaptive management plan provides the best assurance that the Upper Willamette River Conservation and Recovery Plan for Chinook Salmon and Steelhead will be fully implemented and effective…
This Plan adopts the biological criteria for achieving delisting that were established by the WLC-TRT, based on the concept of population ‘viability,’ which means a population with negligible risk of extinction over a 100 years. The WLC-TRT criteria are based on a scoring system to describe each population’s probability of extinction, as categorized into ‘extinction risk’ classes. In order to meet the biological criteria for delisting, the UWR Chinook ESU must have 4 (out of 7) viable populations, and the UWR steelhead DPS must have 3 (out of 4) viable populations.
Content below was copied from the original recovery plan document (2011) and has not been edited.
UWR Chinook salmon have been shown to be genetically strongly differentiated from nearby populations, and are considered one of the most genetically distinct groups of Chinook salmon in theColumbia River Basin…
The WLC-TRT identified seven demographically independent populations of spring Chinook in the UWRChinook ESU: Clackamas, Molalla, North Santiam, South Santiam, Calapooia, McKenzie, and theMiddle Fork Willamette (Figure 2-4)…
The run timing of UWR steelhead is alegacy of the fact that, before construction of a fish ladder atWillamette Falls in the early 1900s, flow conditions allowed steelhead to ascend Willamette Falls only during the late winter and spring. As a result, the majority of the UWR winter steelhead run return to freshwater in January through April…
The WLC-TRT identified four historical demographically independent populations for UWR winter steelhead: the Molalla, North Santiam, South Santiam, and Calapooia (Myers et al. 2006). These population delineations were based on geography, migration rates, genetic attributes, life history patterns, phenotypic characteristics, population dynamics, and environmental and habitat characteristics with guidance found in (McElhany etal. 2000). The populations are shown in Figure 2-5…
The WLC-TRT identified four historical demographically independent populations for UWR winter steelhead: the Molalla, North Santiam, South Santiam, and Calapooia (Myers et al. 2006). These population delineations were based on geography, migration rates, genetic attributes, life history patterns, phenotypic characteristics, population dynamics, and environmental and habitat characteristics with guidance found in (McElhany etal. 2000). The populations are shown in Figure 2-5…
Content below was copied from the original recovery plan document (2011) and has not been edited.
An Expert Panel the Planning Team and representatives of resource management agencies determined the limiting factors and threats for each salmonid life stage and for different life cycle locations for each population. This process identified specific impacts within threat categories, to guide and structure specific strategies and actions for reduction of threats…
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Content below was copied from the original recovery plan document (2011) and has not been edited.
Direct link to action data.
Filter by ‘Upper Willamette RiverConservation and Recovery Plan for Chinook Salmon and Steelhead’
Display the actions live fromour Oracle database. Thisdatabase stores all NOAA Fisheries recovery actions from recovery plans. Theactions in the database are updated periodically by recovery coordinators.Actions from the recovery plan are old and should not be displayed.-Build filter toconnect user to actions from this specific plan (183 actions).-Avoid sending user to entire list ofactions (currently 4,554 total actions in database).-
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Content below was copied from the original recovery plan document (2011) and has not been edited.
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